October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month

Learn how to identify symptoms, lower risks, and treatment options

Symptoms of breast cancer can vary depending on the person, and some do not have any signs or symptoms. It is essential to know how your breasts typically look and feel to identify any changes that may occur.

Importance of detecting it early

Early detection is one of the most critical factors in improving breast cancer outcomes. When breast cancer is caught in its initial stages, treatment is often more effective, and the chances of survival significantly increase. This is because smaller, localized tumors are easier to treat, and the cancer is less likely to have spread to other areas of the body.

Key measures include regular screenings, such as mammograms and self-exams, to notice abnormalities, such as lumps, swelling, or changes in skin texture.

Breast cancer types

1. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): A non-invasive form where abnormal cells are found in the lining of the breast ducts but haven’t spread.
2. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): The cancer begins in the breast ducts or milk-producing glands and invades surrounding tissues.
3. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The cancer cells lack estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, making it more challenging to treat with hormone therapies.
4. Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A rare but aggressive form where the breast appears swollen and red because of blocked lymph vessels.
5. Paget disease of the breast: This rare cancer begins in the ducts and spreads to the nipple and surrounding areola.
6. Angiosarcoma: originates in the cells of blood or lymph vessels and can affect breast tissue or skin, sometimes linked to past radiation therapy.
7. Phyllodes tumor: Phyllodes tumors, which are uncommon, form in the breast’s connective tissue and can be either benign or cancerous.

Breast cancer stages

Breast cancer begins at stage 0 (carcinoma in situ), with stages progressing from I (1) to IV (4), where a lower stage number indicates the cancer has spread less. Staging considers factors like the tumor’s size, whether it has reached nearby lymph nodes, and the presence of estrogen receptors, among other details.

Signs of breast cancer may include:

• Lump in the breast or underarm (armpit)
• Swelling or thickening of all or part of the breast
• Dimpling or skin irritation of breast skin
• Redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin
• Nipple discharge (other than breast milk)
• Any change in the size or shape of the breast
• Pain in any area of the breast

How can I lower my risk?

• Keep a healthy weight and exercise regularly.
• Choose not to drink alcohol or drink alcohol in moderation.
• If you take hormone replacement therapy or birth control pills, ask your doctor about the risks.
• Breastfeed your children, if possible.
• If you have a family history of breast cancer, talk to your doctor about additional ways to lower your risk.

Coping with the diagnosis

A breast cancer diagnosis can be emotionally challenging. Coping strategies include working closely with your doctor to:

• Find a support network that suits you, such as counseling or support groups.
• Stay informed about breast cancer, as knowledge reduces fear and empowers decisions.
• Engage in activities that bring you joy, but allow yourself to experience all your emotions.

Treatment options

Breast cancer treatments vary by type, stage, and personal factors. Common options include:

• Surgery: For cancer removal, symptom relief, and other issues.
• Radiation therapy: To destroy cancer cells locally.
• Chemotherapy: To kill cancer cells throughout the body.
• Hormone therapy: Blocks hormones that fuel cancer growth.
• Targeted therapy: Focuses on specific proteins to destroy cancer cells.
• Immunotherapy: Helps the immune system fight cancer.

If you are a WeCare tlc patient, contact your health center for support in coordinating your annual mammogram. Remember, the health center is at no cost to you and your family!*

Source:
Breast cancer | American Cancer Society

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